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Well, almost routine. As the aircraft passed abeam the Aswan Dam in Egypt, its bombardier threw a series of switches and checked a handful of status lights, then launched CALCM [Conventional Air Launched Cruise Missile] serial number 5420 from a pylon on the B52’s wing.
Now under the power of its own internal jet engine, and already out of sight of the bomber crew, CALCM 5420 spread its retracted wings and commenced a steady descent towards its final transit altitude of 500 feet, starting a slow left-hand turn at the same time.
None of the bomber crew members knew where CALCM 5420 was headed, but this is considered quite normal in an age of push button warfare. All cruise missile guidance systems are programmed by targeting specialists, normally but not always working for the Pentagon, either by remote secure data transfer or locally with a computer floppy disc.
Unlike the usual “To Saddam With Love” or other crude remarks in English, this cruise missile had Arabic writing sprayed on its side at Fairford, with hints to the bomber crew that the target was “probably” one requested by US Special Operations teams located in Djibouti. The obvious inference was that CALCM 5420 was headed for somewhere in the Yemen, but the crew didn’t really care.
Flying down the Red Sea was a lot less stressful than carpet bombing the outer edges of Baghdad, and just for a change they were not under the direct control of Central Command Headquarters in Qatar. Strategic bomber transfers outside the “Iraqi War Zone” are not the business of Central Command, so General Tommy Franks was, and would forever remain, ignorant of the covert “Strategic” launch of CALCM 5420.
Not quite so ignorant was the Saudi Arabian Air Defense radar north of Jeddah, which was monitoring the B52H flying down the Red Sea, and detected the smaller cruise missile as it turned left across Saudi sovereign territory.
It was easy enough to plot during its gradual descent from altitude, because unlike the smaller radar-opaque Tomahawk cruise missile, the CALCM was originally designed as a decoy intended to deliberately attract the attention of Russian radars during the Cold War.
Back then in the late fifties, the main risk was to the nuclear bomber itself was from surface to air missiles, so a system was devised to give the bomber a better chance on its way to a target deep inside Russia. The plan [mercifully never tried in real life] was to launch six of these decoys from each bomber, which would then spread out in a fan formation, hopefully presenting Russian air defense with seven bomber plots, only one of which would be real. But that was then, and now is now.
Saudi radar plotted 5420 as it crossed the sovereign border on a descending course [apparently] towards southern Iraq, finally losing the picture as the cruise missile settled into the ground clutter below the radar horizon. The launch of a single weapon from the Red Sea initially puzzled them, and then later alarmed them considerably when they discovered that the main cruise missile strike on Baghdad that night, did not take place until 0330 hours, i.e. several hours after CALCM 5420 was launched.
Although they did not find out until later that day, the Saudi radar operators were right to be alarmed. At 0145 hours local time, CALCM 5420 approached Kuwait City directly from the south, and exploded on a jetty fifteen yards offshore the Souq Sharq shopping mall — a multilevel shopping center with department stores, restaurants, theaters and Western-style shops. The massive shock wave and shards of missile debris shredded the southern side of Souq Sharq, easily the biggest shopping mall in Kuwait.
Shortly after midnight during the night of 28/29 January 2003, a lone American B52H strategic bomber was flying at 40,000 feet over the Red Sea, on what was described as a “routine transit flight” between RAF Fairford in England, and Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean.
Well, almost routine. As the aircraft passed abeam the Aswan Dam in Egypt, its bombardier threw a series of switches and checked a handful of status lights, then launched CALCM [Conventional Air Launched Cruise Missile] serial number 5420 from a pylon on the B52’s wing.
Now under the power of its own internal jet engine, and already out of sight of the bomber crew, CALCM 5420 spread its retracted wings and commenced a steady descent towards its final transit altitude of 500 feet, starting a slow left-hand turn at the same time.
None of the bomber crew members knew where CALCM 5420 was headed, but this is considered quite normal in an age of push button warfare. All cruise missile guidance systems are programmed by targeting specialists, normally but not always working for the Pentagon, either by remote secure data transfer or locally with a computer floppy disc.
Unlike the usual “To Saddam With Love” or other crude remarks in English, this cruise missile had Arabic writing sprayed on its side at Fairford, with hints to the bomber crew that the target was “probably” one requested by US Special Operations teams located in Djibouti. The obvious inference was that CALCM 5420 was headed for somewhere in the Yemen, but the crew didn’t really care.
Flying down the Red Sea was a lot less stressful than carpet bombing the outer edges of Baghdad, and just for a change they were not under the direct control of Central Command Headquarters in Qatar. Strategic bomber transfers outside the “Iraqi War Zone” are not the business of Central Command, so General Tommy Franks was, and would forever remain, ignorant of the covert “Strategic” launch of CALCM 5420.
Not quite so ignorant was the Saudi Arabian Air Defense radar north of Jeddah, which was monitoring the B52H flying down the Red Sea, and detected the smaller cruise missile as it turned left across Saudi sovereign territory.
It was easy enough to plot during its gradual descent from altitude, because unlike the smaller radar-opaque Tomahawk cruise missile, the CALCM was originally designed as a decoy intended to deliberately attract the attention of Russian radars during the Cold War.
Back then in the late fifties, the main risk was to the nuclear bomber itself was from surface to air missiles, so a system was devised to give the bomber a better chance on its way to a target deep inside Russia. The plan [mercifully never tried in real life] was to launch six of these decoys from each bomber, which would then spread out in a fan formation, hopefully presenting Russian air defense with seven bomber plots, only one of which would be real. But that was then, and now is now.
Saudi radar plotted 5420 as it crossed the sovereign border on a descending course [apparently] towards southern Iraq, finally losing the picture as the cruise missile settled into the ground clutter below the radar horizon. The launch of a single weapon from the Red Sea initially puzzled them, and then later alarmed them considerably when they discovered that the main cruise missile strike on Baghdad that night, did not take place until 0330 hours, i.e. several hours after CALCM 5420 was launched.
Although they did not find out until later that day, the Saudi radar operators were right to be alarmed. At 0145 hours local time, CALCM 5420 approached Kuwait City directly from the south, and exploded on a jetty fifteen yards offshore the Souq Sharq shopping mall — a multilevel shopping center with department stores, restaurants, theaters and Western-style shops. The massive shock wave and shards of missile debris shredded the southern side of Souq Sharq, easily the biggest shopping mall in Kuwait.
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